Gothic Criticism Flashcard

Persuasive Speach – Buy vs. Rent

Undertaking 4 Written Outline Even in this economy it is still better to purchase a home at that point lease. I. Why pay lease and make the proprietor more extravagant when you can claim your own home for fundamentally a similar regularly scheduled installment and receive the assessment rewards yourself. II. In 2006 I was confronted with settling on the choice to purchase or lease. Subsequent to exploring discovered I could purchase a 4 room house in a decent zone for same cost of leasing a 2 room loft. Likewise working for the administration I realized the assessment focal points I would get so I don’t need to disclose to you which choice I went with.III. Today I am demonstrating that purchasing a house is a superior decision at that point leasing even in this shaky economy. IV. There are numerous projects that assist individuals with buying a home. First time homebuyers even with terrible credit can qualify. Do you realize where to look? I will give you some web locates that can be of help. V. There are numerous reasons why home purchasing is superior to leasing; the not many that I will discuss are 1. Long haul purchasing costs less on a yearly premise at that point leasing. 2. Great monetary venture and low loan fees and 3.Tax points of interest Now that we are finding some conclusion on the semester some of you will be confronted with the choice upon graduation regarding whether you should purchase or lease. I. On the off chance that you have just concluded that you will remain in a specific region for in any event 7 years it is indicated that purchasing is less expensive than leasing. a. On April 21st. 2010 the NY Times announced that in the event that you stay in your home for at least 7 years you will spare roughly $759/year over leasing. b. Did you realize you could likewise utilize the lease proportion to help figure out what regions are smarter to purchase in?To decide lease proportion you take a gander at the normal price tag of a house and s eparation that by lease of a comparable house. On the off chance that the rate is under 20 it is a decent sign to purchase I. A few regions that are at present under 20 incorporate Philadelphia, New York. Boston. Washington, Cleveland, Chicago, Dallas, Sacramento and Los Angeles ii. In the fourth quarter of 2005 the lease proportion for Philadelphia was 17. 2, from that point forward it has dropped to 16. 7 (fourth quarter of 2009) this shows currently is as yet a superior time to purchase at that point lease in our area.In 2006 I needed to assess my own conditions and the Pros and Cons of purchasing versus leasing. II. I thought about what I would pay for a 2 room able to what I would pay for a home. I found that I could purchase a 4 room house in a decent region and get a home loan with a 7. 5% financing cost. My regularly scheduled installment would have been equivalent to leasing a loft. a. A year ago I renegotiated with all the projects that were being given out in light of the money related issues banks were having. I had the option to get my financing cost down to 4. % and now my home loan is just $750/month (and that incorporates my expenses being escrowed) b. Presently where would you be able to lease a 4 room house for $750/month in a decent steady territory? c. Despite the fact that the lodging market is recuperating you can in any case get in on a low loan cost today at around 5. 13%. d. Possessing home assists with building value that you can utilize sometime down the road for different occasions like your kid setting off for college; adding an option to your home. It likewise leaves you alone in charge of your inside improving and your open air landscaping.No need to lounge around looking out for a proprietor to come fix something that has broken, or losing a store if place isn’t in condition the landowner needs it to be in. Purchasing a home has charge favorable circumstances that leasing doesn't. III. When purchasing a house certain expe nses can be deducted on your assessment forms giving you benefits rather than a proprietor. a. Shutting expenses and focuses paid are deductible on Schedule An as Itemized conclusions. b. You can likewise deduct your advantage installments on your home loan just as School Taxes, County Taxes, and so on. c.Also as of late included was that you would now be able to guarantee PMI installments. d. Regardless of whether your ordered reasonings are lower than the standard finding you can even now receive the expense rewards of being a property holder. I. In the event that you can not order you can guarantee an extra $500/1000 finding (single/joint) added to the standard conclusion line on the assessment form. Today I have given you that purchasing a house is better at that point leasing. End Buying sets aside you cash over the long haul. You’re putting resources into your future and giving yourself dependability and security in your community.Your developing value in your home as y ou take care of your home loan and receiving the assessment rewards as opposed to composing a check to a proprietor and viewing your cash vacate the premises. You can discover more data at the accompanying destinations: www. Rentlaw. com, www. smartmoney. com, www. hud. gov/purchasing. comq. cfm, and to discover current home loan rates you can visit www. bankrate. com I. So let’s quit making others rich and give yourself the budgetary security and soundness you merit by claiming the American dream. Your own home†¦

Read Harder Comics About a Religion Other Than Your Own

Read Harder Comics About a Religion Other Than Your Own The Panels 2015 Read Harder Challenge consists of 26 challenge categories spanning the breadth and depth of all things that may be considered comics. We regularly  give you reading recommendations from one of the categories. The marriage of text and image does magical things with all sorts of topics, but when creators tackle religion, we have an opportunity to read some of the most enlightening, affecting stories around. These are some of our favorites. Ms Marvel Copyright Marvel Ms. Marvel by G. Willow Wilson and Adrian Alphona While Ms. Marvel isn’t necessarily “about” Islam, Kamala Khan’s faith is an important part of her story. As much as she is inspired by Captain Marvel and the other superheroes she idolizes, her faith is at the center of her ethical core and guides her throughout her journey as a hero. It’s not an accident that her “with great power comes great responsibility”-esque hero mantra is an Ayah from the Quran.  (Katie Schenkel) Thor: God of Thunder by Jason Aaron and Esad Ribic Now, I’m not saying you should use Marvel’s Thor as a study guide for your comparative religions final, but the main character and most of his supporting cast are literally Norse gods. While there are 50+ years of fantastic Thor stories to recommend, a good place for those interested in questions of religion is Jason Aaron and Esad Ribic’s Thor: God of Thunder. In the first arc, the Thors of three time periodsâ€"the Dark Ages, the present, and the distant futureâ€"face off against Gorr the God Butcher, an alien dedicated to the murder of all gods everywhere after the gods of his own world failed to answer his prayers to save his family from disaster. It’s a fantastic rumination on the nature and role of the divine, made all the better by the absolutely stunning art by Ribic.  (Charles Paul Hoffman) Boxers and Saints by Gene Luen Yang and Lark Pien While this recommendation has shown up in our posts before (a culture other than your own), this category fits better than any other. These two graphic novels examine the Boxer Revolution from the perspective of a Chinese boy who believes whole heartedly in the powers of ancient Chinese gods and a Chinese girl who adopts Christianity. A religion other than your own is central to the plot of these books, which beautifully examine the gray area between religious ideologies. (Andi Miller) Maus by Art Spiegelman   Even though Maus is considered by a lot of people in the graphic novel know  as canon, so many people haven’t actually read the two-part allegorical comic. Portraying the Holocaust with the use of mice as Jews and cats as Nazis, Spiegelman imparts so much history and emotional depth into this black-and-white comic. It’s to be expected with the subject matter, but Spiegelman’s story is at its core the story of a son coming to terms with his father’s horrific history and the fate of millions of his Jewish brethren. It is an incredible artistic and narrative triumph of comics creation, that will force you to confront the realities of the Holocaust anew, no matter how much you already know about it. It’s not an easy read, but it’s an essential one.  (Rachel Manwill) The Rabbis Cat  by Joann Sfar   Set in Algeria in the 1920s, this graphic novel depicts a Jewish community that is most likely unfamiliar to modern Jews. The rabbi, traditional and reverent, is a single parent to a vivacious young adult daughter, who in turn is “mistress” to the eponymous cat. After maliciously devouring a noisy and annoying parrot, the cat develops the power of human speech, which he immediately uses to lie about the circumstances of the parrot’s demise and to question the basic tenets of the rabbi’s faith. In addition to the examination of religious belief, this series also looks carefully at individual perceptions of the world and the intersection of cultures, beginning with the ways the Jewish community is affected by the presence of the underlying Arab culture as well as the colonial French culture.  (Monica Friedman) Superhanallah: An American Muslim Webcomic Created by an unnamed artist, he or she describes this webcomic as modern Muslim life in a sarcastic and lighthearted manner. Some readers are opposed to the comic on the grounds that its name blasphemes the devotional phrase, ‘subhanallah’ meaning glory to Allah.' Many others consider the humor spot-on and sing its praises around the internet.  (Andi Miller) Graven Images: Religion in Comic Books and Graphic Novels edited by A. David Lewis and Christine Hoff Kraemer If youre more interested in commentary on religion and comics, this might be the book for you. This collection of essays (which would also cross-mojonate with our recommendations for books about comics) examines religion and comics in various contexts: as a missionary tool, theological critique, and settings devout, educational, satirical, and more. Persia Blues by Dara Naraghi and Brent Bowman (Jessica Pryde) A Contract with God and Other Tenement Stories by Will Eisner (Andi Miller) The Sandman Volume 4: Season of Mists by Neil Gaiman, Kelly Jones, and Mike Dringenberg (Andi Miller) If weve missed a religion of interest to you, check out the Comic Book Religion Database. Its heavy on capes and tights but interesting nonetheless. Sign up to The Stack to receive  Book Riot Comic's best posts, picked for you. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Project Portfolio Management - 2873 Words

Abstract This paper seeks to explain the Project Portfolio Management (PPM), the reasoning behind it as a set of processes and methodologies and how these build a group of singular projects into a stack or tier that can be holistically graded, how these processes can drive IT to become closely modelled on and aligned with business strategy. It seeks to point out successful methodologies for PPM implementation and some of the issues that can arise. The basis of PPM Project management and by extension portfolio management are curious disciplines. They attempt to present simple methodologies for guiding an activity (or group thereof) through all its stages from inception to completion, within defined cost and time boundaries. Many of†¦show more content†¦There is no mechanism to address a re-alignment of business priorities that will render the project less effective, possibly caused by a strategic change by a competitor in the marketplace or new regulations. Moreover there is no management process to safeguard against and deal with difficulties such as project over-runs and delays, projects falling out of scope, shortages of resources or possibly even duplication of effort between projects. And finally there is no mechanism to ascertain if the project truly succeeded in delivering the value to the business that was promised at inception. A Project Portfolio A project portfolio at its most simple can be considered similarly to any other portfolio, be it financial investments, artwork or even a portfolio of documents. A project portfolio is no different – it allows us to view and compare each piece of work both individually and against its fellow projects on like-for-like merit. Generally (but not always) a portfolio will belong to a specific business unit or cost centre. This is the most logical construction for a portfolio. Resources (Time/Money/People) are assigned from a pool of resources (possibly a cost code or business unit) to individual projects. An extension of this is to view each project as an investment, the sum of the resources which it is consuming. By now viewing projects as a consumer (of resources) within a business unit budget (portfolio) it becomes possible toShow MoreRelatedPrioritizing It Project Management Portfolio1390 Words   |  6 PagesPrioritizing IT Project Management Portfolio Prioritizing IT Project Management Portfolio The realities of shrinking IT budgets and increasing dependence on IT in organizations in recent years has resulted in a situation in which there is an intense competition for resources needed to execute and complete IT projects. According to Ross (2007), the shrinking IT budget in the face of increasing demand has brought new pressures to the IT function. To gain approval and funding for projects, IT departmentsRead MoreProject Portfolio Management : Project Management1432 Words   |  6 PagesProject Portfolio Management (PPM) is the centralized management of the processes, methods, and technologies used by project managers and project management offices (PMOs) to analyze and collectively manage current or proposed projects based on numerous key characteristics. The objectives of PPM are to determine the optimal resource mix for delivery and to schedule activities to best achieve an organization’s operational and financial goals ― while honoring constraints imposed by customers, strategicRead MoreProject Portfolio Management1298 Words   |  6 PagesProject portfolio management:- A competitive advantage for organizations now is doing the right projects and making sure that there are resources to complete those projects. Project Portfolio Management (PPM) is a set of business practices and a process that allows organizations to manage projects as a strategic portfolio, ensuring the alignment of programs and projects with organizational objectives. Executives need to regularly review entire portfolios and programs, determine why projects areRead MoreThe Success Of Project Portfolio Management824 Words   |  4 PagesJeffrey Pinto defines project portfolio management as, â€Å"the systematic process of selecting, supporting, and managing a firm’s collection of projects.† (p. 92). Many large firms can have multiple projects going on at the same time. These projects might support each other or can be stand-alone projects. This essay will examine the keys to successful project portfolio management and analyze the key difficulties in successfully impl ementing them. The success of project portfolio management is determined byRead MoreProject Management Practices Portfolio Management1945 Words   |  8 PagesRunning head: PROJECT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES PORTFOLIO 1 PROJECT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES PORTFOLIO 6 Project Management Practices Portfolio Brandi Miller PJM 500 ? Project Management Colorado State University ? Global Campus Dr. Arnetra Arrington May 1, 2016 Abstract PM within organizations is gaining momentum and an indispensable component of the work flow procedure. Improving organization project management can effectively improve an organization use of resources. Nevertheless, if an an organizationRead MoreProposed Project Portfolio Management Process1469 Words   |  6 PagesProposed Project Portfolio Management Process Project management has grown beyond the confines of simplistic canned applications into a discipline that is in large part process, combined with common sense and inspiration. The process of Project and Portfolio Management (PPM) derives from the practices common to project management, as expressed in applications and tools developed to help project managers collaborate with project team’s cross-enterprise.   Project and Portfolio Management solutionsRead MoreOrganizational Portfolio Management Process Project Management1102 Words   |  5 PagesORGANIZATIONAL PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT PROCESS Project Portfolio Management (PPM) is the management of one or more portfolios through evaluation, prioritization, selection, review, execution and monitoring of projects in the portfolio. The goal is to keep the portfolio(s) aligned with the vision, mission and strategic objectives of the organization while effectively and efficiently allocating internal resources to maximize the overall value to the organization. Because UPS has a very open and consensusRead MoreRecommending A Project Portfolio Management Method For Your Selected Project1960 Words   |  8 Pages1. Recommend a project portfolio management method for your selected project. Provide a rationale for your recommendation. Provide and outline of an executive summary. The project that I have selected is Medical Billing. I am recommending Quality Management Method. This is based on the information that the quality management projects have three major processes. The first process is in setting quality standards which are applicable to the project and identify how they reach their fulfillment. A keyRead MoreProject Portfolio Management at an Organization630 Words   |  3 Pagesat a current organization Project Portfolio Management (PPM) is defined as a set of business practices and a process that allows organizations to manage projects as a strategic portfolio, ensuring the alignment of programs and projects with organizational objectives (PPM, 2013, University of Wisconsin School of Business). PPM has several major advantages over generalized portfolio management. Just because a project seems enticing does not mean it is the right project for the organization at a givenRead MoreCommon Types of Resistance to Project Portfolio Management626 Words   |  2 PagesCommon types of resistance to project portfolio management Project portfolio management can enable an organization to prune redundant or overlapping projects, use resources more effectively and to keep closer watch on projects progress to ensure projects do not go over-budget or overtime (Solomon 2002:1). However, despite the techniques obvious advantages, it can meet with profound resistance when it is implemented in practice. Turf wars are common at many organizations, in which representatives

Human Development - 1668 Words

HSV 504: Human Development-Early Memory Development Dianne Wright Post University Introduction Many human development specialists have examined memory loss of adults later in life. During the past fifty years, there have been many studies in children’s cognitive development and earlier childhood memory loss. Ernest G. Schachtel conducted studies on why people forget childhood memories as they grow older. He described the processes that could be involved in early memory loss (Crain, 2005). He was influenced by Sigmund Freud’s cognitive theory (Crain, 2005). Lev S. Vygotsky, however, described children’s early memory development as a holistic process that involved society, physiological, cultural, and economical environments. (Vygotsky,†¦show more content†¦However, he said that they are discouraged from that experience by their caregivers (Crain, 2005). It is considered rude in the west to discriminate based on smell. To say someone’s breath smells bad in public is not considered polite, so that sentiment is rarely spoken in public. Yet, bod y odor is the primary smell that would intrigue a very young child, said Schachtel (Crain, 2005). Their parents tell them that it is not good and the child learns to distance herself from that sensory pleasure. Schachtel also said that with passing of time the highly sensitive sensory experiences are lost to the children because they are repressed (Crain, 2005). Schachtel believed that adults are less sensitive to their earlier sensory perceptions due to socialization (Crain, 2005). The senses become defined as either good or bad, and adults have extensive vocabulary labeling things they see, but not food that they taste or odors they smell (Crain, 2005). Schachtel further explains the only adults that would still have their earlier perceptions intact after parental and peer socialization would be creative individuals like writers and painters (Crain, 2005). When a child gets older, many things that were accepted in infancy can become less intense because their orientation changes toward the outside senses, sight and touch. Schachtel also said that babies enjoyed the warmth of protective environments (Crain, 2005). Crain (2005) added that Schachtel was a pioneer inShow MoreRelatedThe Theories Of Human Development774 Words   |  4 PagesTheories of Human development are relevant and matter in the â€Å"real world†. In my clinical practice as a psychologist-in-training, I have found human development theories to be very useful in conceptualizing and understanding my client’s distress. I used theoretical frameworks that are based on theories of human development to guide my interventions in therapy. For example, as a brief psychodynamic clinician, I look to Freud’s theory of anxiety to understand how distress was developed for my clientsRead MoreAn Interview On Human Development2242 Words   |  9 PagesHuman develop ment is a complex lifelong process that begins when a person is in the womb of their mother and it extends to their death. Every person moves through similar stages of life as they age and move from infancy, childhood, and adulthood. However, every person within this world has their own personal development with individuality, thought process, and life as they are exposed to different environmental experiences and biology. An interview was conducted with two different individuals thatRead MoreLanguage As An Important Part Of Human Development1419 Words   |  6 Pagesdefines language as â€Å"the method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional way†, however this statement is not completely correct. Language is the ability to use and understand complex forms of communication, through symbols, sounds and gestures. According to the American Speech, Language and Hearing Association, language goes beyond ju st being able to speak. It is an important part of human development â€Å"The ability to understand andRead MoreHuman Development Index1601 Words   |  6 Pages The critical difference between most development models and the human development index is that most development models only focus on income while the human development index includes the enlargement of all human choices – economic, political, social and cultural which all affect income. Comparing countries’ Gross National Product/Gross Domestic Product per capita is the most common way of measuring the level of development today. This model of economic growth assessment is based on a weak foundationRead MoreHuman Development Index1635 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic used to rank countries by level of human development and separate very high human development, high human development, medium human development, and low human development countries. The Human Development Index (HDI) is a comparative measure of life expectancy, literacy, education and standards of living for countries worldwide. It is a standard means of measuring well-being, especially child welfare. It is used toRead MoreEssay Case Study of Human Development736 Words   |  3 PagesCase Study of Human Development Anne is a 22-year-old Caucasian female currently enrolled in college. She is enrolled as a full time student majoring in Criminal Justice. She lives in a single room on campus and is three hours away from her family. She is currently in the Later Adolescence stage of development and is dealing with several different life issues. During the previous life stage, Early Adolescence, several developmental tasks had to be dealt with by the subject. While physicalRead MoreHuman Development Report1826 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to the interactive map corresponding to the latest human development report, more developed areas in the world are Europe, North America, most countries in South America, North part of Asia, North part of Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, South Korea and Malaysia. Most countries in Africa and South part of Asia are considered as less developed areas. On the line graph we can see an upward trend in development for most of the countries. Moreover, some countries have been developingRead MoreAnalysis Of Human Development And Development Stages2768 Words   |  12 PagesAnalysis of Human Development David W. Miller Liberty University â€Æ' Abstract How one goes through different development stages in one’s life, can drastically affect how they are later in life. During one’s life, there are different development stages one goes through: starting with infancy and heading up to one’s death. One’s family background, culture background, social environment, etc. has a huge impact on how we deal with the development milestones in our life. It will also play out how we viewRead MoreThe Human Development Index ( Hdi )922 Words   |  4 PagesThe Human Development Index (HDI) does a pronounced disservice to India. India, a country that, through economic miracles and perseverance, has risen from the ranks of the poorest in the world to a middle-income country in the span of only a few decades. The HDI Report, which is not universally applicable and applies too much weight in certain areas, makes certain countries look better than they should or, in India’s case, artificially lower its ranking among t he world. So, although skewed, whatRead MoreQuestions On The Human Development Index1748 Words   |  7 PagesIB Mathematical Studies 2015- Internal Assessment What is the relationship between percent of the population that uses the internet and the human development index? Candidate Number: 003047-0024 Table of Contents Title Page†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1 Statement of Intent†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Raw Data†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Scatter Plot†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 Least Squares

Marjane Satrapi †Persepolis Free Essays

Marjane Satrapi’s book Persepolis is alternatively called by the critics a â€Å"graphic novel† or an autobiographical comic sketch. The book is made up of a series of black and white illustrations, arranged in little episodes that represent different scenes from the life of Marjane’s family, in Tehran. It begins immediately after the Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1979 and continues with the first four years of the war between Iraq and Iran. We will write a custom essay sample on Marjane Satrapi – Persepolis or any similar topic only for you Order Now The main character in the story is Marjane herself, who is ten years old when the revolution starts. Although both the language of the novel and the illustrations are very simple and straightforward, only revealing the essential facts of the story, the book is nevertheless very effective and delivers its message as well as any other text. The scarcity of text doesn’t cut down on its literary value, on the contrary, the book seems to gain a lot from this brief and report-like writing style. The main reason for this is the fact that the author creates a sharp contrast between the objective, documentary style, with its brief sentences and its matter-of- fact information and the personal narrative that is actually conveyed to the reader. The subjective point of view in the book is only hinted at in an apparently impersonal tone. Moreover, Marjane Satrapi intentionally substitutes the ten years old girl for herself, and thus manages to register her reaction as a child to the religious and political movements in Iran. The girl actually grows as a character by the end of the book, passing, like any character of fiction, from one stage to another in her development. This is achieved mainly through the careful notation of the child’s reactions to every event mentioned in the book. Although all the statements in the novel seem unbiased, Marjane Satrapi succeeds in conveying her own message as if she had written a truly subjective and explanatory narrative of her experiences. Although very succinctly, the book captures the absurdities of the fundamentalist movement in Marjane’s country, with the array of social and political transformations that took place afterwards. All this is done in an ironic tone, although again, the writing style remains unornamented. One by one the main social and political problems are displayed, from the dispute around the subject of the veil that the women have to wear all the time, according to the fundamentalists, to the closing of the all bilingual schools and of all universities for two years, or the closing of the American embassy because of the attacks of the religious fanatics. The author cleverly unmasks the backward views of the new political regime, who was capable of closing the schools so as to ward off the â€Å"dangerous† capitalist ideas that were cultivated there: â€Å"The educational system and what is written in schoolbooks, at all levels, are decadent. Everything needs to be revised to ensure that our children are not led astray.† (Satrapi, 25) At the same time that the crucial events of going on in the country are related (mostly in the form of television reports, as the family actually found out the news probably), there are also many events that involve the family as well, like the women’s protest against fundamentalism and â€Å"the veil†, which is rapidly suppressed by the political forces, or the attack that the girl’s mother suffers on the street because she doesn’t wear the veil. Society also changes, and the parents of the girl note that the same people who engaged in usual â€Å"liberal† activities before, like wearing â€Å"modern† clothes or drinking, suddenly change these habits outwardly and start lying. The moment when Marjane’s mother tells her to tell everyone that all she does at home is pray is very ironical: â€Å"If anyone asks you what you do during the day, you say pray, you understand?†(Satrapi, 29) In very few words and illustrations, Satrapi manages to portray the Iranian society after the Islamic Revolution, with its insincerity and fear of persecution. All through the book, Marjane evolves by reacting to the environment that surrounds her and by understanding new things. The author carefully transcribes her reactions: for example, during first episode or â€Å"The Veil†, the girl remarks that she â€Å"really didn’t know what to think about the veil† (Satrapi, 2), capturing thus the dilemma and confusion of the child, who although deeply religious, was at the same time used to the modern ways of her family. Other reactions and feelings are registered in the book, like the dream of the girl to become a prophet, or the moment when the family comes back from Spain to find out that the war had begun in Iran, and Marjane experiences a feeling of patriotism, and discovers that she wanted to fight for her country. Her desire to become a chemist like Marie Currie follows, and then more rebellious years as an adolescent who listens to American music. All these examples and many more, manage to portray ten years old Marjane as a strong character who is able keeps her views in the midst of the general confusion and fear, and to cope with the war and violence that surrounded them. The book makes a good literary work especially because of the personal voice of Marjane, which although it is not really heard as such, vibrates through the ironic and objective style. The genre that Satrapi creates is thus at once documentary because it is true and autobiographic, and literary, since as all literary works, it manages to convey much more than can be read at the surface of the text Works Cited: Satrapi, Marjane. Persepolis. New York: Pantheon Books, 2003 How to cite Marjane Satrapi – Persepolis, Essay examples

Oung Thomas Edison Essays - Thomas Edison, Phonograph, Edison

Oung Thomas Edison Young Thomas Edison I read the book Young Thomas Edison , by Sterling North. The book tells about Edison's Young life and how he greatly succeeded through out the years. It tells about his greatest inventions and Edisons Historic sites and how her became the greatest inventor of all times. Thomas Alva Edison was born of February of 1847, in Milan Ohio. He was the seventh and last child of Nancy Edison and Samuel Edison. Thomas Alva Edison inherited much of his intelligence from Nancy Elliot Edison. Nancy Edison would read books to Thomas Edison about scientists. That's when Edison got interested in experiments. When Thomas Alva Edison was ten, he and his family moved to a small town in Purt, Hacon. There he had his own laboratory in the basement. At the age of eleven Edison and his friend would raise ten acces of vegetables. Then they would plant them and they would sell them around town. They wanted to earn money so they could give it to the family. They wanted to do this because they had financial problems. When Thomas Alva Edison was older he worked as a trainboy and would sell candies and newspapers. One day Thomas Edison's father realized that Edison was deaf from one ear. Thomas Edison became deaf from working on the locomotive. When Edison was working as a trainboy he got the idea of inventing a telegraph. When Edison was in his twenties he earned many patents by inventing the lightball, telegram, telegraph and many more inventions. Edison's second wife was Mrs. Mina Miller Edison. Edison had many chemical laboratories in his life. On 1931, Thomas Alva died when he collapsed. By this his inventions we have are street lights, phonographs and many other things. I would really recommend this book to any one because Thomas Alva Edison is one of the greatest inventors. Book Reports

An Ecological Model of the Trinity Essays

An Ecological Model of the Trinity Essays An Ecological Model of the Trinity Essay An Ecological Model of the Trinity Essay An Ecological Model of the Trinity Within The New Cosmology Advancement of modern technology and scientific discovery, as well as the sociological developments of the past century, has changed the way humanity relates to the world. Human culture, particularly American culture, has developed a predominant world-view of earth’s resources and human relationships as things to be used and manipulated for personal gain. Scientists are warning with increasing urgency that the survival of the planet is at risk. Global warming caused by depletion of the ozone layer is negatively affecting climate change and the polar ice caps are melting at previously unimagined rates. Pollution, deforestation, manipulation and indiscriminate consumption of the planet’s natural resources have also contributed to an ecological crisis. Much of the environmental destruction can be directly connected to exploitation of people and cultures by business and industry for purposes of economic gain. Science alone cannot persuade the human community to make the swift and pervasive changes needed to begin repairing damage done to the earth. Human consciousness must begin to understand the interrelatedness of people and ecological systems that sustain life on the planet. The injury done in the name of scientific and economic progress can begin to be mitigated by a response from communities of faith. Contemporary ecological theology establishing creation as a revelation of the divine is a starting point for promoting the need for reconstruction of environmental and cultural systems. Humanity needs more than ever to discover the direct relationship of God’s intimate relationship with the universe as well as God’s being in intimate relationship with the individuals. Collaboration of current theological and scientific philosophies can help reveal a God â€Å"so intimately present in the world that the world can be regarded as an incarnate expression of the Trinity, as creative, as expansive, as conscious, as self realizing and self-sharing. † An ecological theology based on a relational model of the Trinity creates a paradigm allowing the contemporary Christian a way of relating and responding ethically to the world and to each other. Scientific theories of the universe Basic scientific descriptions of prominent contemporary theories of the origin and composition of the universe are helpful in beginning to construct an ecological theology. A foundational description of differentiated life forms existing within larger organic systems illustrates aspects of a trinitarian model of mutual relations found in the physical universe. Current theories of the scientific origination of the universe rely heavily upon what has been called â€Å"the Big Bang theory. This theory, credited to Edward Hubble posits that approximately fifteen million years ago, a tremendous explosion occurred from which all matter and energy originated. As a result of this explosion the universe, galaxies, stars and planets were created and the universe continues to develop and expand. The earth is the result the cooling process of a minute amount of matter from this explosion over the millennia enabling a process of evolution in which the rich diversity of plants and animals emerged and grew. Unanswered questions in regard to the Big Bang remain as development of theories in quantam physics progresses. Science continues to discover and revise its hypotheses and theories about the origin and organization of the universe. However, from the Big Bang theory, two basic conceptualizations of matter appear. The first idea is that all created matter is derived from the same source and therefore interrelated. The second is that from the same particles and energy, a multitude of specific and differentiated life forms occur. Both sameness and difference play major roles. Like the One and the Many, they will be with us through the whole development. Protons are all alike, but put different numbers of them together, and you get completely different substances. Or, take a certain number of carbon atoms, a number of hydrogens, oxygens, and nitrogens, and, without varying the numbers of each, just put them together n different arrangements, and again you’ll get very different subs tances. † The organization of substances at the atomic level created conditions in which biological ecosystems have evolved. Scientific work in biology, microbiology and genetics support the seminal work of Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution as the basis for life in its ongoing transformation and diversification in nature. But science cannot and does not presume to answer questions of why the universe came into being or how and why we exist. That is the work of philosophy and specifically for this paper, the discipline of theology. The place of human beings in the history of this evolving universe, as it has been charted by modern sciences, can only be seen in its complete reality in the light of faith, as a personal history of the engagement of the triune God with creaturely persons (art. 62). † Traditionally, the Christian begins by seeking answers about the origin of the universe and nature of God in the written word of scripture. â€Å"And God saw that it was good† Ge n 1:12 NRSV- A Biblical interpretation of creation The story of Genesis provides a rich description of the creation of the universe by God. Judaeo-Christian creation accounts, actually two separate stories interwoven in the book of Genesis, describe an ordered process initiated by God. A reading of the creation stories in fact reflects the same process of development that modern science proposes; from light energy to the formation of galaxies and solar systems to the creation of the earth and from it plant, animal life and finally the human species. But the task of these original creation narratives was not so much to tell how and when the universe was created. The purpose of the authors of Genesis was to attempt to respond to questions about the meaning of existence and the nature of God. These are concepts beyond the realm of science. In the Genesis account, God speaks and the universe, whose origin is love, comes into being. The origin of the substance of the cosmos is not what but who. Then, desiring reciprocity of love, God creates the human being. Out of loving desire for relationship the universe and humanity are born. In biblical terms, â€Å"God’s being cannot be sought in a rudimentary divine â€Å"stuff† of some sort, but rather in the hunger for relationship to which the doctrine of the Trinity witnesses. † Relevance of the Trinity for Contemporary Christianity One of the first things a Catholic child is taught to pray is the sign of the cross. â€Å"In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit;† the Trinity is invoked at the beginning and conclusion of almost every experience of prayer from childhood through adult life. Liturgical sacramental celebrations and the Liturgy of the Hours are filled with trinitarian formulas and doxologies. Christians proclaim their faith in the Trinity each time the creed is recited. Yet most people asked to define the Trinity cannot explain anything more than, â€Å"The Trinity is one God, in three persons. † More than one priest asked to preach a homily on the Trinity has been known to quip, â€Å"It’s a mystery of faith. What more is there to say? † Yet the theology of the trinity has been one of the core doctrines of Christian faith since its early history. Although the theology of the Trinity remains a central doctrine of faith, the average person remains unaware of any real impact of the Trinity upon their lives. What difference does the doctrine of the Trinity make in the lived experience of twenty-first century Christians? In an attempt to answer this question, theologians of the twenty and twenty-first centuries have begun renewed interpretations of the doctrine of the trinity and its relevance in contemporary Christian life. History and Development of Trinitarian Theology In order for create a foundation for contemporary scholarship to construct a relevant ecological theology of the Trinity grounded in mutual relationship between the Creator and creation, it is helpful to provide a brief overview of the development of trinitarian theology in the course of Church history. Trinitarian theology appeared early in the life of the Church. The patristic Church first addressed controversies concerning the nature and exact relationship between the three persons of the Trinity the Arian controversy. The resolution of the debate was to proclaim the Jesus as being of the same substance or homoousios, with the Father at the Council of Nicea in 325 C. E. and that the Holy Spirit was coequal with the Father and the Son at the Council Constantinople in 381 C. E. This cemented an orthodox Trinitarian doctrine of the Church. However, understanding and explaining these concepts remained a challenge. Augustine of Hippo in the fifth century developed a detailed Trinitarian theology explaining the unity of the three divine persons of the trinity. Augustine then describes separate consciousnesses between the three persons and the process of interaction between them. In this model known as a psychological analogy, â€Å"God is fully conscious and knows and loves God-self and creation. † The psychological analogy was reinterpreted and expanded by Thomas Aquinas one thousand years later. Thomas refined the theology of Augustine, adding a technical systematic approach with specific terminology describing the â€Å"processions and relationships between the three persons, ad intra, and then to the ivine missions, ad extra,† which dealt with the external mission of each person of the Trinity. This organized comprehensive definition of the mystery of the Trinity seemed to articulate a thorough treatment that left little need for further investigation until the twentieth century. The great twentieth century theologian, Karl Rahner is often quoted as saying, â€Å"one could dispense with the doctrine of the Trinity as fal se and the major part of religious literature could well remain virtually unchanged. Yet Rahner’s work, along with other modern theologians such as Jurgen Moltmann, began exploring deeper dimensions and modern implications for a revitalized Trinitarian theology. Modern Trinitarian scholarship reaches beyond simple debates between immanent or economic models and addresses a relational theology that implies ethical behavioral praxis for the Christian community. Two Contemporary Relational Interpretations of the Trinity Two contemporary theologians who have made significant contribututions to a revived relational model of Trinitarian theology are Leonardo Boff and Elizabeth Johnson. Emphasizing cultural anthropology and the documents of the Second Vatican Council, directing the Church to live in greater relationship with the wider world, liberation theology developed in the Church of Latin America. Liberationist theologian Leonardo Boff develops a distinctively perichoretic model of the Trinity in which â€Å"Each divine Person permeates the other and allows itself to be permeated by that person. This interpenetration expresses the love and life that constitutes the divine nature. It is the very nature of love to be self-communicating; life naturally expands and seeks to multiply itself. Boff accentuates the equality of persons within the immanent trinity and uses the concept of the Trinity as Perfect Community to criticize unjust social and political structures which subjugate and oppress people based upon class, race and economic status. Elizabeth Johnson has constructed a Trinitarian theology within a feminist theological framework. Johnson, approaches the p roblem of patriarchal language and imagery of the Trinity by presenting language based upon the study of Wisdom literature imaging the persons of the Trinity as Spirit Sophia, Jesus-Sophia and Mother-Sophia. Johnson reclaims the translation of Thomas Aquinas to translate YHWH, the name God gave Moses at the burning bush as â€Å"Qui est† or The One Who Is. â€Å"Johnson argues that, if God is not intrinsically male, if women are truly created in the image of God, then there is cogent reason to name Sophia-God â€Å"the one who is,† the one whose very nature is sheer and exuberant aliveness, the profoundly relational source of being, wellspring of life, dynamic act, She Who Is. In this way Elizabeth Johnson attempts to present a vocabulary that images God and the Trinity without the masculine biases implicit in past theologies and scriptural interpretations. The feminist theological model for a Trinitarian theology presented by Elizabeth Johnson expands the Christian imagination and helps to lay a foundation for exploring dimensions of the imago Dei, and the persons of the Trinity that surpass an understanding of God that is exclusively male. â€Å"Many theologians, and pa rticularly feminist theologians, have identified the power of language for naming God as a critical issue. Johnson’s question concerning the right way to speak about God can be situated within the rising concern of all people who have begun to recognize the profound implications of speech about God both for the future of life on this planet and for the human person‘s capacity to know and relate to God. † Johnson’s Trinitarian model is that of a God of mutual relations who is not a removed observer of human suffering but in the person of Jesus-Sophia becomes vulnerable and able to share in the suffering of humanity. This compassionate God suffers with creation and wishes to draw all humanity and creation into loving union and to heal the world of suffering and evil. Both Boff and Johnson emphasize the imago Dei, the face of God, reflected in the faces of God’s people. God that bears the image of the suffering and oppressed demands a response of compassion and restoration of just social systems from God’s people. The Universe as the Imago Dei Similar to the theologies of Boff and Johnson, Denis Edwards further explores the ecological model of the Trinity in light of Christology. Christianity is par excellence the religion of the incarnation and, in one sense, is about nothing but embodiment. † Jesus, the Word made flesh is the ultimate expression of the imago Dei. In the person of Jesus Christ, the Christian, experiences the incarnate presence of God seeking loving union with humanity. An ecological theology expands the Christological metaphor of imago Dei, to include a cosmic Christology. â€Å"Joining in the creative work is really central to the whole contemplative enterprise. Cosmogenesis – the generation of the cosmos – can be seen, as Teilhard de Chardin saw it, as â€Å"Christogenesis,† the growth of the â€Å"ever greater Christ. † This Christ has been â€Å"growing in stature and wisdom† (Luke 2:52; read â€Å"complexity and consciousness†) these last dozen or so billion years and is nowhere near finished yet. † The Universe as God’s Body Another ecological theologian, Sallie McFague also constructs a model of God based upon an ecological theology. McFague’s concept of the universe as the body of God is accentuates an incarnational Christology stating, â€Å"We know God – we have some intimation of the invisible face of God – through divine incarnation in nature and in the paradigmatic Jesus of Nazareth, in the universe as God’s body and in the cosmic Christ. † McFague distinguishes this image of the universe as God’s body as metaphorical. It is intended as a vehicle to expand and explore contemporary understanding of the nature of God. This paradigm is not to be understood literally as a reinterpretation of pantheistic theology. Since we now know that our bodies and spirits (or minds, souls) are on a continuum, is it so odd to think of God as embodied? Remember that we are thinking analogically or metaphorically. † McFague emphasizes the presence of God in the universe existing as a communion of diversity. â€Å"To contemplate divine transcendence as radically and concretely em bodied means, of course, that it is not one thing: divine transcendence, in this model would be in the differences, in the concrete embodiments, that constitute the universe. For McFague, knowledge of God is found in understanding the diversity and specificity of life-forms existing within the body of the universe. Using the language of the body enables us to re-imagine the human encounter with the Divine as experienced in and through all creation. In God â€Å"we live and move and have our being,† Acts 17:28 NRSV. The presence of God sacralizes all created matter and establishes the entirety of the material world as the imago Dei. Accepting the universe as the embodiment of God necessitates our intimate relationship with ecology. As we treat the universe, we treat the real presence of God. An Ecological Trinitarian Theology The ecological crisis has increased universal human consciousness about the fragile balance that exists in the worlds environmental communities. Because of this theologians have begun to ask questions about the nature of God embodied in creation and humanity’s relationship with the universe. Many scientists and theologians are beginning to find areas of commonality between the two disciplines rather than seeing one as exclusive of the other. Australian eco-theologian, Denis Edwards has created an ecological theological conceptualization of Christian cosmology for the twenty first century using Christian revelation in conjunction with current theories in physics and evolution. Denis Edwards builds this model upon a trinitarian God as â€Å"Persons-in-Mutual-Relations† beginning with the creation stories of Genesis and from Christian scripture, particularly in the Gospel of John. In The God of Evolution: A Trinitarian Theology, Edwards illustrates John’s use of the word abiding or â€Å"indwelling† over forty times in the gospel and twenty-seven times in the Johannine letters referring to the relationship between the persons of the trinity or God’s relationship within human beings. â€Å"According to John, the love of Jesus and the Father in the Spirit, is a dynamic relational life of mutual indwelling, which reaches out to embrace us, catching us up in the open circle of divine love. In addition, Edwards is heavily influenced by the Wisdom Christology of Elizabeth Johnson connecting Wisdom literature with God at work in creation. â€Å"Wisdom is clearly concerned with the whole of creation and with the interrelationships among human beings, the rest of creation and God. † Rather than relying only on classical Trinitarian categories and definitions, Edwards retrieves the work of Richard of St. Victor (d. 1173) as well as the Trini tarian theories of St. Bonaventure. Edwards, in describing the theology of Richard of St. Victor of the twelfth century â€Å"suggests that it is friendship which is at the heart of things. I find this a fruitful way to approach an understanding of the God of evolution. † The friendship described by Richard of St. Victor is the friendship built upon an Augustinian â€Å"social approach to the Trinity, the trinitarian model of the lover, the beloved, and their love. † Richard describes the self-transcendant loving union of human friendship as the human model for understanding the relationship between the persons of the Trinity. The fullness of love shared between the Father and the Son â€Å"ecstatically breaking out beyond the two to include a third. † Edwards also revives some elements of the trinitarian theology of Bonaventure â€Å"in which the world is a vast symbol of the Trinity and the economy is ontologically grounded in the immanent trinitarian mystery of God. † For Bonaventure creation is the self-expression of God. Edwards states, â€Å"It is divine community that constitutes reality as it is and as it becomes. It is divine love that enfolds all creatures and enables them to be. It is this sheer relationality, this communion in diversity, which sustains and empowers biological evolution. † The ecological theology constructed by Edwards, recognizes the permeation of Divine Love in the presence of every particle of created matter, emanating from the source of the Creator’s love and infused with life by the power of the Holy Spirit. Denis Edwards writes, â€Å"the foundation for a theology that takes evolution seriously can be found in the trinitarian vision of God as a God of mutual relations, a God who is communion in love, a God who is friendship beyond all comprehension. This community of self-transcending donation of love is a paradigm illustrating the nature of the Trinity, a conceptualization of the universe, as well as a paradigm for Christian living. Yet these abstract concepts are sometimes difficult for the average Christian to grasp. Edwards suggests, If it is accepted that God is communion and that the universe itself is a created com munion existing from the divine communion, then this raises the question of how we think about the relationship between the divine communion and the community of creatures. We cannot think about this relationship without some kind of imaginative picture of God’s interaction with the universe. A Story of Trinity and the Universe Long ago in a small village lived a woman. She became known far and wide as the finest cook in the land. An invitation to her home for dinner was coveted by all. Her pastries and main courses were culinary delights but she was best known for her soup. When asked by aspiring chefs for her recipe, she simply smiled and said, â€Å"I put love into everything I make and that’s what makes the difference. Every night lucky visitors were treated to an experience they would savor for a lifetime. The woman was very happy. One night a young girl longing to possess the ability to recreate the recipe for the woman’s famous soup secretly hid in the old woman’s cupboard and watched through a knot hole in the door as the next day’s soup was prepared. The girl took careful note as the old woman selected each i ngredient, measuring, chopping, mixing with such great reverence and skill it seemed as though if the girl was watching a ballet. Then the young girl was startled as the chef kissed each ingredient just before adding it to the soup. Next even more alarmingly, the young girl watched in amazement as the woman carefully selected and sharpened one of her knives. She proceeded with great care to place a small slice in her finger and hold it above the soup. Slowly, a few bright red drops fell into the cooking liquid among the rest of the ingredients. Finally, the old woman singing quietly, it seemed to the pot, leaned over the soup and breathed deliberately as she stirred the mixture. The novice cook stole out of the cupboard and ran home. She immediately repeated the steps she had just witnessed. One: carefully choreograph preparation and kiss ingredients. Two: prick the finger and add a few drops of blood. Three: blow into soup while stirring. The young girl was giddy with delight. She could now make the exact recipe that had made the old woman both famous and loved. Now with such a valuable recipe she could sell her soup and become rich and famous throughout the countryside! However, the next day as she set up shop and sold her soup to passersby, the young girl’s soup met with limited approval. Her soup hardly left the taster yearning for more. Those who tasted the soup did not express the same praise and satisfaction that the old woman daily received. No one pleaded for permission to return the next day for more. What could she have left out or done wrong? It simply did not make sense. Plagued by her inability to recreate the woman’s soup, the girl decided to go to the old cook and confess her attempt to steal the recipe in order to coax the woman to tell her what went wrong. After the wise old woman listened to the story of the greedy girl, she simply smiled and with a sigh, agreed to share her secret. â€Å"You see,† she said, â€Å"I have no magic recipe. But the three steps you thought you saw were not what they seemed. The first step is that I love what I am creating. The second step is that I summon the love within myself and physically insert it into my creation. Finally, I share all my energy and love with those who eat my soup. † The young woman went away still perplexed by the crazy old cook. God As Loving Communion The story presents a possible image of God’s body as the universe. Within this paradigm, the physical substance of the universe is important and even holy because the Creator has willed it and loved it into being. The substance of the created world and its differentiated life-forms may be interpreted as the ingredients lovingly used by the old cook. Each ingredient measured and added precisely is necessary to the recipe. Yet, their true value does not reside in the substance of the ingredients. Their real value resides in the fact that each ingredient reflects God’s intentional self-gift of love. God As Incarnate Being Using a metaphor of the universe as God’s body, all of creation assumes an incarnational identity. Just as the Christian experiences Jesus as the Word made flesh, the Christian also believes that creation came into being from the expressed will of the Creator. If the first person of the Trinity, is the Giver of life and the Creator of the Word, the second person, Jesus, is the personification of Gift and Creation. â€Å"Through the Incarnation of God’s Word in Jesus Christ, the gift of God’s love, God’s very life is immutably turned toward us creatures with whom God has freely and irrevocably entered into the covenant. † The old chef was not satisfied in merely creating a perfectly delicious soup, she desired to share her very life-blood with those who would partake in her creation. Jesus, the Word made flesh joins God and humanity in intimate union. In the Incarnation, God takes part in the pain and sorrow, joy and love present in our lives. Jesus is the ultimate gift, God’s self-giving love. The second person of the Trinity, the Gift is the â€Å"piece de resistance† of God’s creation. Not set apart from the universe but fully immersed, part and parcel of creation. The spirituality of the Christian is defined, nourished and empowered by Jesus Christ. The Spirit, The Giver of Life The Incarnation is possible through the power of the Spirit, the ongoing presence of love at work in the world and within the deepest core of the human being. Witin the human soul exists the indwelling of God, the Holy Spirit. The third person of the Trinity completes the circle of God’s love. Expressed in three divine persons within one being, the Trinity can be defined as the Creator, the Incarnation and the Spirit. Trinitarian spirituality espouses that God’s self-gift of love is incarnated in Jesus Christ that comes to the world through the power of the Holy Spirit. Denis Edwards states, â€Å"the distinctive work of the Spirit in the ongoing creation of all things can be understood in terms of the power of becoming and the gift of divine communion with each creature. The Holy Spirit is the energizing force within the Trinity. It is the regenerative power of God’s love that enables life to be maintained and proliferated throughout the universe, in the human community and even at the core of the individual human soul. God’s greatest gifts to the human spirit; faith, hope and charity through the prompting of the Holy Spirit are called into human consciousness. The Holy Spirit works in and through the Word. â€Å"In the Son and the Holy Spirit, God is speaking and breathing the divine life in the world. Indeed, throughout Christian history the Holy Spirit has been referred to as the Breath of God. This is a metaphor with which we can easily identify. For in the human organism without breath there is no life. When we are breathless, we are unable to speak. In imagining God, we can extend this metaphor in saying that without God’s Breath, the Word could not have become present. In further contemplation of cosmic reality, we understand that the breath of the Holy Spirit â€Å"empowers all life and ? gives direction to the teeming life of creation. Returning to our story, the cook breathed into her soup (which we can now explain allegorically as the universe) because she longed to share her life-giving energy with her friends. The final product of the soup was made of love with the desire to share intimately with those in relationship with the cook around her table. And finally, the old woman gave her energy born of love to those sharing her meal in order that they could be sustained and energized after being fed. Communion of Loving Relationship This story imagines the Trinitarian concept of God’s loving self-communication, expressed distinctly in the three Divine persons. The Trinity is an inextricable unity of loving relationship found in the God we call three and one. Each person of the Trinity exists in a unique individual reality, yet are united within one God. Greek Orthodox theologian, John Zizioulas asserts, â€Å"There is no other model for the proper relation between communion and otherness either for the Church or for the human being than the Trinitarian God. If the Church wants to be faithful to her true self, she must try to mirror the communion and otherness that exists in the Triune God. The same is true of the human being as the â€Å"image of God. † Being as Communion Denis Edwards states, a â€Å"foundational concept is that God is a relational God, a God of equal and mutual friendship, and that all of created reality is to be understood as relational. To be is to be in communion. At the most fundamental level, being is communion. † The human being exists as unified combination of the organism and soul. The two are inextricable. The human being â€Å"is not a creature composed of two elements but is a single being in whom matter and spirit are essentially united. † Human beings seem to have an on-going struggle with integration. Separation of body and mind, assigning evil to things of the body and goodness to the spiritual realm is prevalent in past and present history. This duality has been the struggle of theological controversy over the church’s history. The church has continually held that the essence of the human person is not matter versus spirit, the fully human person exists as matter in cooperation with spirit. In other words, we ought to love and honor the body, our own bodies, and the bodies of all the life-forms on the Planet. The body is not a discardable garent cloaking the real self or essence of the person; rather, it is the shape of form of who we are. † It is complete interdependence of both body and soul that makes us fully human. Beatrice Bruteau uses scientific method ology in the areas of physics, biology, chemistry and mathematics in combination with philosophy and theology to explain the nature of cosmic being and reality and applies these theories to the individual. Bruteau uses complex scientific and mathematic formulas in conjunction with theological analogies to create a unified picture of the reality and being within God that is reflected in a Trinitarian communion of persons and in the cosmos. The personhood is reflected in the ability to transcend the self. The unseen untouchable energy of pure love that works in and through the world Judeo-Christianity calls God. As we read in the Gospel of John, â€Å"God is love. † John : , NRSV Christianity defines love (God) as the source of all creative life-giving energy. Each person experiences the origin of creative love as God at work within their being. The presence of God within the human soul imparts Divine love that allows human beings to function in loving relationship with each other, with God and with all of God’s created universe. Practical Application Of A Relational Trinitarian Model In contemporary theological discussion, relationality and communion in diversity are the essence of the Trinity within the economy of salvation. The Christian of modern times is able to comprehend the concept of the tripersonal God as persons in mutual-relationship with each other and the universe. A this model of God impacts all interpersonal relationships between human beings, relationships between entire cultures and our relationships with the entirety of the created universe. For, if all things exist in communion with God, we are inextricably related to each other and all creation. Therefore, the Christian is expected to act responsibly within these communal relationships. This communio is what the human being is called to image and participate in ecclesially, extending to participation in the Body of the Church and beyond to the wider community. The person seeking authentic conversion and deepening union with God must take a new approach toward all relationships. A truly Trinitarian spirituality demands recognition of being in relationship with God in every aspect of existence. Trinitarian spirituality is relational and inclusive of all people and creation. â€Å"It is also inclusive of all forms of non-human life and all of creation, indeed the whole world. This communion of the Trinity, in relationship with the human being, the church and the entirety of creation demand an expanded definition of relationship for the Christian. Beatrice Bruteau asserts, â€Å"If the world is the Body of God, then it must be both honored as God and also dealt with in worldly terms. If we are members of the incarnate Deity whose essential nature is to be sharing comm unity, then we must express this reality in appropriate community-sharing arrangements. † The theologies of liberationist and feminist theologians consider the socio-cultural dimensions of an understanding of Trinitarian theology. Gaudium et spes, The Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World, called upon the people of God to read the â€Å"signs of the times. † This anthropological perspective â€Å"called for critical reflection on people’s lived realty in the light of faith and its contemporary experience of society and culture. † As part of the human community, Bruteau asserts that all people share in God’s ecstatic reality and so the human community must be fully immersed and participative in social, scientific, artistic and religious aspects of life. As Bruteau puts it, â€Å"If what we discover by such culture is our membership in the Incarnate Transcendent Community, then we must live this out in terms of deep appreciation of ourselves, of our social communities, of our material, technical, informational, aesthetic, and meaningful world. † The Trinitarian theologies of Elizabeth Johnson and John Zizioulas are different in their approach yet each arrives at a communal model of Trinity. Orthodox Patriarch John Zizioulas’ work recalls the patristic concepts of the trinity and the psychological model of Augustine and defines the Trinitarian formula as â€Å"three Person’s in equal relation [he] recovers a key understanding that the being of God is communion. † Zizioulas’ trinity accentuates ecclesial communion and is most perfectly celebrated in the liturgy. â€Å"At the table of the eucharistic liturgy the many- the gathered community joined with the rich diversity of the whole of creation- are constituted by the Spirit into the one Person of Christ. It is as the body of Christ that the many-become-one are offered to God the Source of all being, and are drawn into the communion of the triune God. † Although these two theologians have very different perspectives both arrive at a conceptualization of the trinity as God in intimate loving communion with humanity which presents a way of being and a model for Christian life. â€Å"They point to how this central symbol of Christian faith can work to facilitate the participation of believers within God’s life, within the human community, and with non-human creation. Relational understanding of an immanent, yet transcendent God in relationship with all of creation and all people demands a radical response from the Christian. Theologians such as Denis Edwards, Beatrice Bruteau and Sallie McFague have expanded our perception and understanding of the Trinity as relational and communal. If God exists not only within the human soul but also throughout every particle of creation, humanity then must begin to view itself in individual relationship with God and also in a communal relationship with all humanity. Christians that fully embrace the immanent presence of God within and moving through a sacral universe, must now begin to make judgments and act in loving just relationship with the ecological systems in which we live. Elizabeth Johnson’s Trinitarian model presents the idea that â€Å"to contemplate the mystery of the one Trinitarian God as a living mystery of personal relations at the heart of the universe is to come to know Holy Wisdom, the triune God. This one-God-who-is-three suffers with us and prompts us to ethical action. The movement to ethical action is the dimension that modern theology contributes to a revitalized understanding of the theology of the Trinity pertaining to individual and societal praxis. The Vatican Document, â€Å"Communion and Stewardship: Human Persons Created in the Image of God† states, â€Å"The triune God has revealed his plan to share the communion of Trinitarian life with persons created in his image†¦Created in the image of Go d, human beings are by nature bodily and spiritual, men and women made for one another, persons oriented towards communion with God and with one another. †(art. 5) And, â€Å"In effect, no person is as such alone in the universe, but is always constituted with others and is summoned to form a community with them. † (art. 41) The human person does not live independently but exists within social ecological communities. The document calls the human person to responsibility within these communities â€Å"by gaining scientific understanding of the universe, by caring responsibly for the natural world (including animals and the environment), and by guarding their own biological integrity. (art. 61)† The place of humanity in the created universe is â€Å"front and center. Not because the human being is placed in charge of creation as some older cosmological explanations might assert, but because we are intimately related both in matter and being with the universe. â₠¬Å"Human persons are one with the universe because they and the universe are held through the ongoing act of creation, not merely in the abstraction â€Å"in being†; they exist in a universe â€Å"located† in the secret recesses of the mystery of Trinitarian communion. Human persons and the universe are one, since together they are eschatologically â€Å"one body† in Christ through the power of the Holy Spirit. † In Conclusion In the age of the Industrial Revolution at the turn of the twentieth century, humanity had come to view our natural resources and ecological systems as being at the service of humankind. Indiscriminate consumption and depletion of the earth’s resources without regard for long-term consequences to the environment or the moral implications of the misuse of natural resources has placed the planet and the future of humanity in great jeopardy. Belief in human supremacy on the planet and unchecked attempts to dominate and dissect our habitats and ecological systems has produced catastrophic results. Moltmann believes that â€Å"the ecological crisis has reached nothing less than apocalyptic proportions. † In viewing the universe as a community in which we live and participate, humanity can begin to relate to creation with regard to maintaining integrity of persons and systems. Aldo Leopold, the famous conservationist once said, â€Å"We abuse the land because we regard it as a commodity belonging to us. When we see land as a community to which we belong, we may begin to use it with love and respect. Retrieving a Trinitarian theology based upon the economy of salvation and within the framework of an ecological cosmology, will allow â€Å"the restoration of communion among persons and all creatures living together in a common household. The articulation of this vision is the triumph of the doctrine of the Trinity. † God’s divine self-giving love expressed in creation, revealed within the human through the power of the Holy Spirit and embodied in the Incarnate Word allows us to see a way of being persons in complete communion with other humans, with creation and with God. The Trinity is no longer an irrelevant exercise in scholastic theological debate but a living reality that communicates God-self to us and empowers us to image that communion of being, sacramentally, ecclesially, socially and ecologically. The essence of the Trinity is all about relationship. Love poured out freely and shared unconditionally. â€Å"At this time of â€Å"taking stock† at the beginning of the new millennium, there is a challenge to recover the delicate ecology of the human soul along with the fragile ecosystems of the earth. † What is the greater mystery, the Creator or the Creation? They are in fact inextricable. We only can begin to imagine the immensity of the mystery of God revealing God-self to us. But this mystery continues to unfold in time and space. Reflecting on the contemplative implications of this new understanding of cosmology, the human being and the nature of God, Beatrice Bruteau concludes in her book God’s Ecstasy, â€Å"You are a participant in the Trinitarian Life Cycle, for you are doing the incarnating and the creating and the realizing and the rejoicing. God’s ecstasy creates the world, and the world’s ecstasy realizes God. And you are right in the midst of it all. † Bibliography Boff, Leonardo. Holy Trinity, Perfect Community. Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books, 2000. Bruteau, Beatrice. God’s Ecstasy: The Creation of a Self-Creating World. New York: The Crossroads Publishing Company, 1997. Christiansen, Drew, S. J. and Graze, Walter, ed.. â€Å"And God Saw That It Was Good†: Catholic Theology And The Environment. Washington, D. C. : United States Catholic Conference, 1996. Downey, Michael. Altogether Gift: A Trinitarian Spirituality. Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books, 2000. Edwards, Denis, ed. Earth Revealing, Earth Healing: Ecology and Christian Theology. Collegeville, Minnesota: The Liturgical Press, 2002. ______. The God Of Evolution. New York: Paulist Press, 1999. Fatula, Mary Ann, OP. The Triune God of Christian Faith. Collegeville, Minnesota: Herder and Herder, 1970. ________. The Holy Spirit: Unbounded Gift of Joy. Collegeville, Minnesota: The Liturgical Press, 1998. Foley, Edward and Schreiter, Robert, ed. The Wisdom Of Creation. Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturgical Press, 2004. Gottlieb, Roger S. ed. , This Sacred Earth: Religion, Culture, Environment. New York: Routledge, 1996. Hunt, Ann. What Are They Saying About The Trinity? New York: Paulist Press, 1998. Johnson, Elizabeth A. She Who Is. New York: Crossroad, 1992. LaCugna, Catherine Mowry, ed. Freeing Theology: The Essentials of Theology In Feminist Perspective. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1993. ________. God For Us: The Trinity Christian Life. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1973. McFague, Sallie. The Body Of God. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1993. Metzger, Bruce M. and Murphy, Roland E. editors. The New Oxford Annotated Bible. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. O’Collins, Gerald, S. J. The Tripersonal God: Understanding and Interpreting the Trinity. New York: Paulist Press, 1999. Rahner, Karl, S. J. The Trinity. Translated by Joseph Donceel. New York: Herder And The Liturgical Press, 1990. ________. Opportunities For Faith: Elements of a Modern Spirituality. Translated by Edward Quinn. New York: The Seabury Press, 1970. ________. The Christian Commitment: Essays in Pastoral Theology. Translated by Cecily Hastings. New York: Sheed And Ward, 1963. Ratzinger, Joseph, ed. International Theological Commission, â€Å"Communion and Stewardship: Human Persons Created in the Image of God. † Rome: 20002 vatican. va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/cit_documents/rc_con_cfaith_docu/ Streeter, Carla Mae. Foundations in Spirituality: A Systematic Approach. Preliminary Text, 2003 Zizioulas, John. â€Å"Communion and Otherness† (a lecture given at the European Orthodox Congress given in October, 1993. ) Reprinted from Orthodox Peace Fellowship’s Occasional Paper nr. 19, summer 1994. incommunion. org/Met-john. html/

Essay about Bosnia

Essay about Bosnia Essay about Bosnia Essay about Bosnia: Topic Ideas If you need essay about Bosnia, you will find this article useful. We are online 24/7 to help you with writing any essay on any topic and within any deadline. If you are looking for help with writing college essay online or need professional custom writing service, do not hesitate to place an order at our site and get your paper written by professional and experienced essay writers! Here are some tips you may find useful for writing your essay about Bosnia. Introduction is the place to present your topic, formulate the purpose of writing, and state the scope of research Discussion section of your essay about Bosnia may include the historical roots of enmity of the Bosnian people. Analyze origin of crisis in Bosnia and Herzegovina. You can describe disintegration of Socialist Federal Republic Yugoslavia. You may show in your essay about Bosnia the first stage of peacemaking (August, 1991 - 1993): Z. Kutilero's plan. S. Vznsa's plan, D. Ouena's plan, etc. Give the reasons of failure of the first stage of peace-making initiates. Consider the second stage of peace-making process - the so-called plan of Contact group. Take into account the Dayton peace agreement: substantive provisions, agreement estimation, etc. Writing essay about Bosnia, review a role of the USA and NATO in the course of conflict settlement. You may need a guide to essay writing:. Essay about Bosnia: Sources of Data The sources which can be used in your essay about Bosnia can be classified as follows: - Official documents of the international organizations, such as the United Nations Organization, the International Tribunal across the former Yugoslavia; - Diplomatic documents, the internal political certificates including the departmental documentation, parliamentary reports, correspondence of officials; - Materials of statistical and auxiliary character; Essay about Bosnia: Custom Writing If you have neither time nor desire to write essay about Bosnia, you have an opportunity to take advantage of our custom college essay help. Our essay writers are experienced; our prices are affordable; and our services are 100% legit. We pay peculiar attention to the smallest details of your instruction and double-check essay about Bosnia for plagiarism. When you buy essay about Bosnia writing service at our site, you can be sure to get a custom written essay which meets all instruction points, is originally and properly referenced! You may also read great article on how to write favorite season essays and review academic tips on persuasive essay writing. Interesting posts: Custom Beowulf Essay Composition Essay Autobiographical Essays Synthesis Writing Steps How to Write a Book Report

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 66

Essay Example As a function of this dynamic, this brief analysis will seek to discuss the ways in which non-state combatants are viewed within the modern context, the ways in which the letter of the law of the Geneva Convention’s framework necessarily deals with such individuals, and the outlook for the future that will likely exist with relation to a more widespread inclusion of non-state combatants within the umbrella of human protection and recognition that the Geneva Convention necessarily affords. With respect to the first topic, one need not look far in order to recognize the way in which al Qaeda most certainly fulfills the role of a non-state combatant within the current geo-political model (Zelikow 6). As such, countries such as the United States have had more than a difficult time determining in what ways captured al Qaeda fighters should be dealt with. Due to the fact that al Qaeda fighters are intrinsically related to terrorism and the non-state struggle of radical Islamic ideology, nations that capture their fighters do not have clear options for which to deal with these individuals. For the most part, rehabilitation is not an option. In the same way, keeping them confined without trial is openly problematic (Yoo 141). Likewise, trying them under martial or civilian court systems prove to be highly problematic due to the fact that by doing so, the state in question (prosecution) would have to engender the defendants with a degree of rights and privileges that are inco nsistent with the forces they represent or the jurisdiction that they ultimately engaged in the act of violence/theater of war. With regards to the way in which the Geneva Convention deals with such individuals as have been described, the fact of the matter is that it does not. Naturally, if a codicil to the Geneva Convention had been included that specified the way in which states could and should deal with non-state actors and members of

Western civilization. Ideas of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle Essay

Western civilization. Ideas of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle - Essay Example Athens in olden times was an intellectual and artistic centre of the Greek world. The advanced thinkers came in and rejected the traditional explanations of the world of nature. The Greek thinkers started suspecting rational order to the universe.In such an atmosphere came the traveling teacher the Sophist. They were men whose responsibility was to train and educate the sons of Athens [1]. Amongst the ranks of Sophist came Socrates (c.469-399 B.C.), the most notable and wisest Athens ever survived. His most prized student was Plato (c.427-347 B.C.), who came from a wealthy and powerful family and devoted himself to teachings of philosophy under Socrates at a young age of twenty. Amongst Plato's prized student was Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) born in small Greek colony in Thrace and whose father served grandfather of Alexander the Great. He was interested in details of natural life. [2]Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher. He is the founder of Western philosophy, and has contributio ns in the field of ethics, epistemology and logic. His ideas and approaches strongly provide a foundation for the western philosophy. His most important contribution is his dialectic method of inquiry which is known as Socratic Method used in examination of concepts of good and justice. He is known as the father of politics, philosophy, ethics and moral philosophy. He taught his students to be concerned with their families, careers and political responsibilities and also with the welfare of their souls. He believed in immortality of the soul, and that virtue could be taught. Socrates argued that the moral excellence was a matter of divine legacy and not the 1) Steven Kreis, the history guide, Lecture 6: The Greek thoughts: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, 2000. http://www.historyguide.org/ancient/lecture8b.html 2) Dr. C. George Boeree, the ancient Greeks part2: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, copyright 2000, 2009. http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/athenians.html Parental nurture. His few believe were that no one desires evil, no one does wrong willingly or knowingly, all virtue is knowledge and virtue is sufficient for knowledge. This believes are characterized as Socratic paradoxes. He is himself referred as saying, "I know that I know nothing" [3]; he believed that wrongdoing was a consequence of ignorance. He connected the art of love with the love of wisdom i.e. philosophy. Socrates believed that the best way for the people to live was to focus on self development rather than material wealth. He stressed that virtue was the most valuable of all possessions [4]. Plato was Classical Greek philosopher, mathematician, writer of philosophical dialogues and the founder of Academy in Athens. He laid the foundations of natural philosophy, science and western philosophy. He taught philosophy, logic, rhetoric and mathematics. He often discussed the father-son relationship and the impact it had on son's life. Plato discovered that mankind is born with knowledge and it is present in human mind at birth. He argued that in daily lives we collect information from our experiences and gave great importance to the physical, mental and spiritual development of an individual. Plato introduced the idea that the mistakes were due to not engaging properly within justice, beauty and equality (he called them "forms"). In metaphysics Plato predicted a systematic rational treatment of the forms and their interrelation. In ethics and moral psychology he developed the view that the good life requires not just a certain kind of knowledge but also training to healthy emo tional responses and harmony between the three parts of the soul; reason, spirit and appetite. [5] Aristotle was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and the teacher of Alexander the Great. His 3) Benjamin Jowett, The republic by Plato, book 1, 23rd September 2009. 4) Sarah Kofman, Socrates: Fictions of a Philosopher ,1998, ISBN 0-8014-3551-

My Manufacturing Firm Essay -- Economic Systems, Market-Oriented Econo

Economic Systems An economic system refers to the rules of the game on how a country is governed economically (Peng, 27). A country’s strategy for its services, goods produced and the process in which its economic plan is executed. Market economy is characterized by the â€Å"invisible hand† of market forces (Peng, 27). The effect of supply and demand affects the availability and price of a product for the interaction of businesses. Command economy is defined by a government taking (Peng, 27). All stellar decisions associated with production, distribution, product and service prices are controlled by the government. Mixed economy has elements of both a market economy and a command economy (Peng, 28). Businesses will have some flexibility in decision- making, but the government has control in others. When running a business in each of these different economic systems, it’s important to understand where the goods and services offered can be used and marketed. Economics are admin istered in a different manner by governments around the world. China’s economic transformation over the past two decades has converted to a market-oriented economy. The market-oriented reforms China implemented have unleashed individual initiative and entrepreneurship (globalEdge, 2010). A repercussion that the Chinese government deals with is the increased pollution and decline of natural resources. This can have an effect on job growth, new entrants entering the workforce and the foulness of crimes for an international business. There is an increase leeriness of purchasing Chinese products due to the contamination by pollution and chemicals. China’s key task was to create a socialist market economy (globalEdge, 2010). Many businesses are state-owned and o... ...ordination of goals and objectives that might get out of hand by the host country managers, by having a plan of action. Host country nationals will make local decision about product pricing and distribution, but the home office can overrule the local decisions. The staffing approach that best fits Mexico is the ethnocentric approach. Under this approach, people are perceived in the interest of how well they can complete a job or task rather than on the essence of religion, culture or their home country. Employees are chosen throughout the business by who they are and not where they come from concluding in a diverse workforce. This approach is genuinely global. A geocentric approach to international business sees its entire staff as able to in fact contribute to the business goals and objectives. Decision making is related to the well-being of the business. My Manufacturing Firm Essay -- Economic Systems, Market-Oriented Econo Economic Systems An economic system refers to the rules of the game on how a country is governed economically (Peng, 27). A country’s strategy for its services, goods produced and the process in which its economic plan is executed. Market economy is characterized by the â€Å"invisible hand† of market forces (Peng, 27). The effect of supply and demand affects the availability and price of a product for the interaction of businesses. Command economy is defined by a government taking (Peng, 27). All stellar decisions associated with production, distribution, product and service prices are controlled by the government. Mixed economy has elements of both a market economy and a command economy (Peng, 28). Businesses will have some flexibility in decision- making, but the government has control in others. When running a business in each of these different economic systems, it’s important to understand where the goods and services offered can be used and marketed. Economics are admin istered in a different manner by governments around the world. China’s economic transformation over the past two decades has converted to a market-oriented economy. The market-oriented reforms China implemented have unleashed individual initiative and entrepreneurship (globalEdge, 2010). A repercussion that the Chinese government deals with is the increased pollution and decline of natural resources. This can have an effect on job growth, new entrants entering the workforce and the foulness of crimes for an international business. There is an increase leeriness of purchasing Chinese products due to the contamination by pollution and chemicals. China’s key task was to create a socialist market economy (globalEdge, 2010). Many businesses are state-owned and o... ...ordination of goals and objectives that might get out of hand by the host country managers, by having a plan of action. Host country nationals will make local decision about product pricing and distribution, but the home office can overrule the local decisions. The staffing approach that best fits Mexico is the ethnocentric approach. Under this approach, people are perceived in the interest of how well they can complete a job or task rather than on the essence of religion, culture or their home country. Employees are chosen throughout the business by who they are and not where they come from concluding in a diverse workforce. This approach is genuinely global. A geocentric approach to international business sees its entire staff as able to in fact contribute to the business goals and objectives. Decision making is related to the well-being of the business.

Entertainment Industry in Mexico

Overview of Entertainment Industry in Mexico By: Jennifer Tarleton Date: November 15, 2010 GEO 111 World Regional Geography Instructor: David Harris South Piedmont Community College TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Actors and ComediansP. 1 II. Singers and MusiciansP. 2 III. Production CompaniesP. 3 IV. BibliographyP. 5 Business is booming for Mexico's entertainment industry. Mexico promotes itself as choice destination for filmmakers, but problems threaten to stunt industry's growth. The entertainment industry in Mexico faces two serious challenges.The first challenge is to generate an environment that the entertainment industry can prosper and second, to protect intellectual property. A stable business environment is vital to the success of the entertainment industry in Mexico. I. Actors, Comedians, Films The history of Mexican cinema goes back to the ending of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th but some movies have rediscovered just recently. The â€Å"silent film† industry in Mexico produced several movies; however, many of the films up to the 1920s have been lost and were not well-documented.The Mexican cinema golden era occurred during the 1940s. The origin of early filmmaking is generally associated with Salvador Toscano Barragan. Toscano compiled the country's first fictional film, titled Don Juan Tenorio. By 1906, 16 movie salons opened their doors to accommodate the popularity of cinema in Mexico City. Actors such as Pedro Infante, Jorge Negrete, Cantinflas, Joaquin Pardave, Maria Felix, and Dolores del Rio gained their recognition. The themes during these years touched all aspects of Mexican society. The majority of the productions were comedies and dramas.Mexico's most famous contribution to popular cinema is perhaps the beautiful Mexican actress Salma Hayek who has endeared herself to thousands of fans across the world. Hayek is the first Mexican national to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress. She is one of the most prominent Mexican figures in Hollywood. Some of today’s most popular comedians also have Mexican roots. George Lopez is one of the top five highest grossing comedians in the world. Lopez, a Mexican-American, was deserted by his father at birth but was raised by his maternal grandmother.Lopez has received several honors for his work and contributions to the Latino community. In September 2004, George was honored with the â€Å"Spirit of Liberty Award† presented by People for the American Way. In August 2005, Time magazine recognized George as one of â€Å"The 25 Most Influential Hispanics in America†. Another large sector of the entertainment industry in Mexico is the adult entertainment industry. The adult entertainment industry in Mexico is worth around one billion US dollars, and employs around 20,000 in direct and indirect jobs.While this entertainment industry produces revenue it also causes problems. Many film stars were diagnosed with various sexually transmitted di seases, including HIV. II. Singers and Musicians Mexico has a rich musical history. Mexico has a musical history that is full of cultural contrasts, with many different musical styles and influences. The popularity of the Mexican music goes back to the 16th century. Mexico's musical tradition shows strong folk as well as modern influences. However, the various music traditions have managed to unite Mexican society into one popular musical culture.Modern Mexico's music lovers are equally swayed by the tunes and rhythm of traditional music like mariachi and ranchero songs as well as by the Latino beats of hip-hop and salsa. The music industry has also brought considerable economic advancement to Mexico-generating jobs, bringing long-term investment and spawning a number of parallel businesses related to the industry (e. g. , recording studios and radio stations). Mexican music is popular in not only in Mexico but also in America and Europe.The famous Mexican American singers and music ians are playing a crucial role in keeping their traditions alive. The Mexican music is lively and offers pure entertainment. The singers like Jade Esteban Estrada, Selena, La Mafia, Roy Benavidez, Freddy Fender, Hector P. Gracia are some of the famous contemporary singers. III. Production Companies Mexico has a flourishing film industry and has produced a number of internationally acclaimed film directors. â€Å"There's no question that Mexico is one of the brightest hopes for the future of our company †¦ It's one of five key global markets. (Sumner Redstone) Redstone is the chairman and CEO of the entertainment conglomerate Viacom. Viacom’s holdings include MTV, Nickelodeon and Blockbuster Video. Redstone is optimistic about the prospects of connecting with Mexican audiences and growing with the market in coming years. Mexico is also building its reputation as a destination for filming. According to Kevin Trehy, executive producer for Warner Brothers Productions, the real value of Mexico being used as a location shoot is that the local community reaps benefits at a rate four times the cost of production.Miguel Angel Davila, president of Cinemex, a national chain of movie theaters, sees growth potential for his business in Mexico too. Many films raise many unanswered and perhaps unanswerable questions about where Mexico has been and where its people, politics, and culture are headed.V. BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www. museumstuff. com/learn/topics/Mexico_City::sub::Culture http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/George_Lopez http://latinmusic. about. com/od/countrie1/p/PROBASICS17. htm http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Film_industry